The Development of Anabolic Steroids in Sports Essay

In 1935 German chemist Leopold Ruzicka synthesized the first human usable injectable version of testosterone which changed sports from that point forward. The two who synthesized the human usable hormone, Butenadt’s and Ruzicka received a nobel prize for their work testosterone. A few years later in the 40’s testosterone-propionate, a specific form of testosterone, was first used by the soviets to improve athletic performance. This led to the Soviets dominance in the olympics in the 60’s. From then on the evolution of performance enhancing drugs expanded exponentially and in turn the use increased dramatically. Other athletes began to follow in the Soviet Union’s steps by implementing performance enhancing drugs into their training†¦show more content†¦After a losing season the coach, Gillman, decided to change his whole teams protocole. He fed all of his players 5 mg of Dianabol 3 times a day in pre season and then introduced a team lifting prog ram with a strength coach. At that time Dianabol was not banned by the NFL and it worked. None of the players had any idea what Dianabol actually was, the Chargers players were given them three times a day and told to lift and that was it. The players then experienced great strength and weight gains with a weight training and eating regimen in the 5 weeks that they took the required Dianabol. From then the 4-10 team went to a power house team who won their championship that year. The team reported being stronger and having more endurance while and after taking Dianabol, which is half the battle in football. An example of this is how the quarterback of the team, Haiti explained that during this period and asked if he took it and he replied,The linemen did, and they started looking like Popeye a month later (Quinn 2009). 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The First Security Bank ( Fsb ) Of Malta, Montana Fall Victim

The First Security Bank (FSB) of Malta, Montana fall victim to a crime of credit card fraud, money laundering, and embezzlement. The crime stared a small city in Montano with a couple thousand, who was startled from the crime. The vice president of operation of the bank was a pillar of the community and the suspect of the bank’s crime. The scheme was committed over a long period of time. This crime weakens the foundation of the bank and possible may run it out of business. The committee was in a frenzy with the bank and the suspect about spending the community’s money. The shareholders gave the president â€Å"30 days to clean up the bank or pawn the bank off to another financial institution.† (Volz p.1) However, the bank pulls through the crisis and gains more customer as the business begins the recover period. Rhonda Devries work for the bank as the vice president of operation, who committed the crime. Devries had access to all operatios activities from the b ank, which allowed this crime to take, place with no oversight of the operation. The position that Rhonda held to allow her to prove all credit transactions of the bank and easy for her to commit the crime. Rhonda took the credit card and placed â€Å"fictional name with a high limit on the accounts.† (Falstad p.1) According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, â€Å"four credit cards were made and used.† (Cotter p.1) The account was built on numerous of alphabets that hide the account, not to mention no one from the bank

Antigone Who Is The Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Antigone: Who Is The Tragic Hero? Essay Antigone: Who Is The Tragic Hero? Essay Charles Woerner The debate over who is the tragic hero in Antigone continue on to this day. The belief that Antigone is the hero is a strong one. There are many critics who believe, however, that Creon, the Ruler of Thebes, is the true protagonist. I have made my own judgments also, based on what I have researched of this work by Sophocles. Antigone is widely thought of as the tragic hero of the play bearing her name. She would seem to fit the part in light of the fact that she dies in doing what is right. She buries her brother without worrying what might happen to her. She Takes into consideration death and the reality that may be beyond death (Hathorn 59). Those who do believe that Antigone was meant to be the true tragic hero argue against others who believe that Creon deserves that honor. They say that the Gods were against Creon, and that he did not truly love his country. His patriotism is to narrow and negative and his conception of justice is too exclusive. .. to be dignified by the name of love for the state (Hathorn 59). These arguments, and many others, make many people believe the Antigone is the rightful protagonist. Many critics argue that Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. They say that his noble quality is his caring for Antigone and Ismene when thier father was persecuted. Those who stand behind Creon also argue that Antigone never had a true epiphany, a key element in being a tragic hero. Creon, on the other hand, realized his mistake when Teiresias made his prophecy. He is forced to live, knowing that three people are dead because of his ignorance, which is a punishment worse than death. My opinion on this debate is that Antigone is the tragic hero. She tries to help her brother without worrying about what will happen to her. She says, I intend to give my brother burial. Ill be glad to die in the attempt, -if its a crime, then its a crime that God commands (Sophocles 4). She was also punished for doing what was right. Her epiphany came, hidden from the audience, before she hung herself. Creons nobleness of taking in young Antigone and Ismene is overshadowed by his egotistical nature. He will not allow justice to come about simply because he wants to protect his image. He says, If she gets away with this behavior, call me a woman and call her a man (Sophocles 13). These elements prove that Antigone is the tragic hero. Creon, understanding his ignorance may lead one to believe that he is the true protagonist. But, if you define the word protagonist you would find that a protagonist is one who is a leader or supporter of a cause. Antigone is in support of her own actions in the burial of her brother Polyneices. She entrusts that she is doing what the Gods want, contrary to the belief of Creon. Many readers and critics may say Creon suffered greator hardships. Some may say Antigone never had an epiphany. Who would understand it if their own brother were left to the birds and dogs. There would be no rational thinking involved in a act like this. These are arguments envolved in deciding who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Critics, to this day, still argue about who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Many say that Antigone is the heroin. Others say that it is Creon. My research favors Antigone as the perfect protagonist. No matter who the reader sides with, it is agreed by most that there is a valid argument either way, in light of the fact that they both endure great hardships. Martin Luther King jr. EssayCategory: English .

Brexit-hit Hungary eyes Indian corporates in U.K Brexit Referendum

Question: Describe about the Brexit-hit Hungary eyes Indian corporates in U.K for Brexit Referendum. Answer: 1. The Brexit referendum vote could not have come at a worse junction for UK. The economy was already underperforming and with the Brexit verdict, it is expected that the economy in all likelihood would slip into depression. This is indicated from the various macroeconomic data that has recently come in which reflects lower confidence on the part of manufacturers and service providers along with a negative GDP growth rate. In this regard, the various cyclical industries such as auto manufacturers, real estate companies and retailers have already hinted as difficult times ahead as the aggregate demand for various goods and services is expected to fall (Wearden Fletcher, 2016). We are aware that GDP = C + G + I + NX The consumption on part of consumers is expected to decline in the near future which is reflected from the consumer confidence which has already reached at a three year low. Further, in wake of lacklustre demand, new investments would not take place. Besides, there is a possibility of some industries shifting from UK to other EU countries for greater market access to EU countries. Meanwhile, the trade would also be negatively impacted as there would be higher trade barriers between EU and UK Collectively, it can be inferred from the above analysis that the UK economy is entering into a recessionary phase and is heading towards a trough (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). It is imperative for the government to grant a stimulus to the economy so that aggregate demand may pick up and thus the output gap may be bridged. Firstly, incentives need to be provided to the existing business especially those owned by foreign investors. This is imperative as the European nations such as Hungary are making attempts to woo the businesses owned by foreigners particularly those that earn a big chunk of revenue from the EU (Bhattacherjee, 2016). In this regards, the exact etching of the exit treaty with the EU is also imperative which should to the extent possible allow for commerce to flourish in the region with minimal restrictions. Further, tax rebates and subsidies must be providing to the existing businesses so that they could weather the current crisis without much job cuts which would further lower the demand (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012).The cost saving of nearly 8.5 billion annually from Brexit (on account of non-contribution to EU) could provide ample fu nds to the government to provide fiscal stimulus. Besides, the government should also increase its spending in order to kick start the economy and increase the overall activity level (Lilico, 2016). Secondly, the MPC also needs to further cut the interest rates from the existing levels so as to provide an economic stimulus to the economy. This would primarily happen in this manner. Due to cuts in the interest rate, the cost associated with loans would come down which in turn would lead to an increased demand in loan offtake. Due to the increased demand of loans, there would be an increase in the economic activity particularly in case of cyclical industries particularly automobiles and real estate. Slowly, as the consumer spending increases, the output gap would slowly bridge and hence the GDP growth would enter positive territory and the economy in turn would enter the recovery phase. In case the lowering rates to zero levels does not show desired results, then even negative interest rates for short duration of time may be considered for providing impetus (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2014). This is not unlikely as is indicated from the notice sent by Natwest Bank whereby it is notif ying its customers for a possible cost on their savings (Wallace Morley, 2016). It is imperative that the fiscal policy and monetary policy should work in tandem as for monetary policy to actually show results, there is a time lag. In this time, it is imperative for the government to make favourable announcements which generates positive sentiments amongst the households and also the businesses that the pain would essentially be short-lived. Also, the government in the short term should make attempts to bridge the gap between potential GDP and actual GDP by enhancing the government spending as the other components are unlikely to render much support in the short term (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). But gradually as the government fiscal support is provided along with an expansionary monetary, it is quite possible that recovery may not be too far. 2. Negative interest rates are symbolic of desperate measures on the part of the central bank to provide stimulus to the economy. It is a monetary policy tool which is deployed when even the zero interest rates are not able to provide the requisite stimulus to the economy. This refers to a situation when the nominal interest rates are negative and beats the theoretical lower limit of zero The impact of negative interest rate on the economy could be both positive and negative depending upon their precise usage by the policy makers (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). The various effects of such a regime are briefly discussed below. Positive effects The various positive effects of negative interest rate are highlighted below. Economic Stimulus When the interest rates are negative, people are penalised for savings as parking their funds in the bank could entail a cost. Similarly, the commercial banks are also encouraged to lend to various commercial and retail borrowers and hence the intention on the part of the central bank is to increase the demand for loan and thereby provide a stimulus to the economy (CW, 2015). This would be accomplished through an increase in supply of loanable funds by the banks on one hand and reduction of savings by households on the other. Usually, such a regime if persists for long could give rise to high inflation and hence negative rates are usually introduced in economies which are in a deflationary trend or have almost zero inflation (Walker, 2016). In 2014, negative interest rates were introduced in a host of countries in Europe with the intention of providing economic stimulus by increasing demand. Further, the inflation rate in these nations was negative and this measure was taken to preve nt the economy from entering into a deflationary spiral. This is because households would be willing to spend their money rather than save which would in turn increase the demand and stem the declining prices (Randow Kennedy, 2016). Currency Devaluation Another impact of the negative interest rate would be on the currency which would get devaluated. The devaluation of the currency would be caused due to the increase in demand of foreign currency against the home currency. This is primarily on two reasons. The foreign investors who are invested in debt would tend to liquidate their investments and would take their capital into a foreign country that offers positive interest rates. Besides, the local investors would also tend to invest their surplus money in foreign markets which would increase the demand for foreign currency. Additionally, the inflow of hot money into the economy would be curbed due to negative interest rate, thus effectively curbing the demand for the domestic currency even further. As a result of the above dynamics, the price of foreign currency would increase against the home currency (McConnell, Brue Flynn, 2014). This would lead to depreciation of home currency. The negative interest rates have been successfull y deployed by Switzerland (1970s), Sweden (2009, 2010) and Denmark (2012) with the intention of stemming flow of hot money and curbing currency appreciation (Walker, 2016). Lower unemployment The negative interest rate tends to provide economic stimulus as has been explained above. Due to economic stimulus, the economy would grow at a faster pace and hence would lead to a higher output in the economy. This would enhance the demand for labour and would lead to a decrease in the unemployment (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012)/ Negative effects The prevalence of negative interest rate regime for long term may also have some negative impact on the economy. Firstly, due to the negative interest rate, it is quite possible that the households may not park their surplus funds in banks as that would entail a cost. Instead, they could park their surplus funds in other asset classes or keep with themselves. As a result of this, there could be a run on the bank and as a result, the banks may face liquidity crisis which could defeat the objective of the central bank (Kane, 2016). Secondly, persistent negative interest rate may lead to a very high inflation and thereby effective guard needs to be maintained so as to ensure that it is used only for a limited period and must not be sustained for long. Thirdly, as explained above, negative interest rate leads to depreciation in the currency and hence in the long run may lead to currency wars especially amongst the export dependent economies which could try to devalue their currency so as to maintain cost competitiveness in exports (Das, 2016). It is therefore imperative to use negative interest rates only as an ad-hoc and last resort measure that too for a limited period of time till it serves its purpose (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). References Bhattacherjee, K 2016, Brexit-hit Hungary eyes Indian corporates in U.K, The Hindu, Available online from https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/brexithit-hungary-eyes-indian-corporates-in-uk/article8784623.ece (Accessed on July 27, 2016) CW 2015, Why negative interest rates have arrivedand why they wont save the global economy, Economist Website, Available online from https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/02/economist-explains-15 (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Das, S 2016, Opinion:Negative interest rates put the global economy on a razors edge, Market Watch Website, Available online from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/negative-interest-rates-put-the-global-economy-on-a-razors-edge-2016-03-29 (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Dombusch, R, Fischer, S Startz, R 2012.Macroeconomics, 10th eds., McGraw Hill Publications, New York Kane, C 2016, Here's Why Negative Interest Rates Are More Dangerous Than You Think, Fortune Website, Available online from https://fortune.com/2016/03/14/negative-interest-rates-european-central-bank/ (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Koutsoyiannis, A 2013. Modern Macroeconomics, 4th eds., Palgrave McMillan, London Lilico, A 2016, Why leaving the EU could actually be to our economic advantage, The Telegraph, Available online from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/25/why-leaving-the-eu-could-actually-be-to-our-economic-advantage/ (Accessed on July 27, 2016) McConnell, C, Brue, S Flynn, S 2014. Macroeconomics: Principles, Problems, Policies 20th eds.. McGraw Hill/Irwin Publications, New York Randow, J Kennedy, S 2016, Negative Interest Rates, Bloomberg Website, Available online from https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/negative-interest-rates (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Walker, A 2016, Why use negative interest rates?, BBC News Website, Available online from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-32284393 (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Wallace, T Morley, K 2016, Savers Fear Negative Interest Rates as Natwest warns businesses, The Telegraph, Available online from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/25/savers-fear-negative-interest-rates-as-natwest-warns-businesses/ (Accessed on July 27, 2016) Wearden, G Fletcher, N 2016, Brexit vote hits confidence, hurts companies and weakens London housing market - as it happened, The Guardian, Available online from https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2016/jul/28/uks-largest-estate-agent-warns-on-profits-as-brexit-hits-the-economy-business-live (Accessed on July 27, 2016)